Dysgerminoma pathology outlines. Find articles by Rama Kumari Badyal.
Dysgerminoma pathology outlines Immunohistochemical Dysgerminoma is one of the two most common malignant germ cell tumors of the ovary [2, 3], but it is still an uncommon neoplasm accounting for only 1–2% of all malignant ovarian tumors. +/-Calcification (very common). e. The preferred treatment is the surgical removal of the tumor succeeded by the preservation of fertility. The patients ranged from 8 to 59 years of age (mean, 24. Weekly senior virtual case Weekly junior virtual case; Thirty year old woman with anasarca and renal failure. An introduction to the ovary is in the ovary article, which also deals benign cysts. Most have AKT1 mutations (EBioMedicine 2015;2:421) ; GNAS mutations reported in 30% of cases (J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2006;91:1842) ; Consistently negative for FOXL2 (402C > G) mutation, while 5 - 10% have a mutation in DICER1; the DICER1 mutations may be germline, i. The pathology, epidemiology, About 5% of dysgerminomas have syncytiotrophoblastic cells, usually in a perivascular location. 77% of ovarian mucinous carcinomas are metastases, 23% are ovarian primaries (Am J Surg Pathol 2003;27:985) Of the ovarian primaries, most arise in a benign or borderline tumor; only 5-10% are pure Ovarian dysgerminoma (OD) is a rare germ cell tumor accounting for 1%–2% of all malignant ovarian tumors and is generally associated with a good prognosis. Malignant germ cell tumors are uncommon, and in some cases Dysgerminoma Yolk sac tumor Immature teratoma Choriocarcinoma (nongestational) Embryonal carcinoma Mixed germ cell tumor Somatic neoplasms arising from teratomas Miscellaneous tumors Small cell carcinoma, hypercalcemic type Rare primary ovarian tumor; 1% of primitive ovarian germ cell tumors May develop from ovarian pregnancy (gestational choriocarcinoma), as a germ cell tumor (pure or mixed, non-gestational choriocarcinoma) or as a surface epithelial Dysgerminoma: granulomatous reaction Enterobius vermicularis: Eur J Gynaecol Oncol 2007;28:513 Foreign material: often postsurgical, including suture, talc, starch, lubricant and carbon ( Obstet Gynecol 1985;66:701 , Hum Pathol 1996;27:1008 ) Mainly a marker of seminoma (also dysgerminoma and germinoma of the brain) - positive in up to 100% of seminomas, strong diffuse positivity; useful for distinguishing seminoma from spermatocytic tumor Also frequent low intensity and focal expression in embryonal carcinoma and yolk sac tumor (in 85 - 97% of the cases) Dysgerminoma: same tumor but primary to the ovary Germinoma: same tumor but primary to extragonadal sites (such as pineal gland) ICD coding. The label tubo-ovarian cancer has been advocated to address this change. Ovary and fallopian tube, right, salpingo-oophorectomy: Sertoli-Leydig cell tumor of the ovary, poorly differentiated, with heterologous elements (embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma) (see comment) Tumor size: 28 cm Tumor ruptured intraoperatively (see surgeon's operative report) Sample pathology report. It is the most common ovarian malignant ovarian germ cell tumor, accounting for 32. In most cases, at the time of diagnosis, the disease is confined to the ovary with no When part of a mixed germ cell tumor, other components, such as a mature cystic teratoma or dysgerminoma, may be grossly recognizable Honeycomb appearance (multiple small cysts) on cut surface if polyvesicular They may be benign (eg, mature teratoma) or malignant (eg, immature teratoma, dysgerminoma, yolk sac tumor, mixed germ cell neoplasm). 0 cm), confined to the testis (see comment) Ovarian dysgerminoma (OD) is a rare germ cell tumor accounting for 1%-2% of all malignant ovarian tumors and is generally associated with a good prognosis. 8 cm Benign Brenner tumor: 58 year old woman with a coexisting benign Brenner tumor and mucinous cystadenoma (Iran J Pathol 2020;15:334) 60 year old postmenopausal woman with ovarian mucinous cystic tumor James Homer Wright Pathology Laboratories, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA According to the degree of difficulty and confidence of the interpreter, well-known immunohistochemical features of dysgerminoma, which largely differ from those of other neoplasms in the differential, will aid if felt indicated. Dysgerminoma occurs at a fertile age. With surveillance, survival rate for nonseminomatous GCTs is 98. Those gonadoblastomas that occur Staging of melanomas is described in Skin-Melanocytic tumors chapter ; Staging of related eye tumors is described in the Eye chapter for Conjunctiva, Eyelid, Lacrimal gland; Includes spindle cell variant of squamous cell carcinoma and adnexal carcinomas 39 year old woman with Cowden syndrome incidentally detected from a metachronous ovarian endometrioid carcinoma (BMC Cancer 2019;19:1014) 41 year old woman with mixed adenocarcinoma and yolk sac tumor (Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2019;12:3549) 45 year old woman with endometrial endometrioid and synchronous bilateral endometrioid ovarian cancer Second most common malignant ovarian germ cell tumor after dysgerminoma Mean age is 19 years; most common in the second and third decades of life (Int J Surg Pathol 2014;22:677) Sites. . Germ cell tumors (GCT) of the ovary originate from primordial germ cells and make up 30% of all primary ovarian neoplasms. Differential diagnosis. Seminoma / dysgerminoma (87 - 92%) (Int J Clin Exp Pathol 2013;6:498, Histol Histopathol 2014;29:101) Spindle cell lipoma (Virchows Arch 2007;450:727) Sample pathology report. It was subsequently 1 of 9 members of paired box gene (PAX) family of transcription factors that regulate organogenesis (Am J Surg Pathol 2011;35:1473) Involved in development of the central nervous system, eye, kidney, thyroid gland, organs derived from the mesonephric (Wolffian) duct and organs derived from the Müllerian duct (Mod Pathol 2011;24:751) Structurally similar to PAX5 Dysgerminoma represents a rare malignant tumor composed of germ cells, originally from the embryonic gonads. One-hundred fourty pure dysgerminomas were evaluated with particular focus on the microscopic features as seen in 125 cases with available slides. The majority are represented by the frequently encountered mature cystic teratomas. The most common presentation of dysgerminoma is abdominal pain and/or abdominal mass. Proximal metadiaphyseal region of the right tibia, incisional biopsy: BCOR::CCNB3 sarcoma (see comment) Comment: Undifferentiated round and spindle neoplastic cells showed dot-like CD99 staining as well as TLE1 and SATB2 coexpression. Malignant germ cell tumors are uncommon, and in some cases Dysgerminoma: Usually lacks follicle-like spaces Large, uniform cells with clear or eosinophilic cytoplasm and distinct membranes May show granulomatous reaction Positive for OCT4, PLAP, KIT and SALL4; Intact nuclear expression of SMARCA4 / BRG1 (J Pathol 2016;238:389) Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma: Ovarian germ cell tumors are a diverse group of benign and malignant neoplasms that occur in a wide age range, but with a predilection for younger age group. (Scully RE: Germ cell tumors of the ovary and fallopian tube. Tumor cells characterized by eosinophilic cytoplasm, nuclear enlargement with distinctive coarse chromatin and prominent nucleoli. BCOR and CCNB3 were diffusely positive. Churchill Livingstone. Genitourinary Pathology: A Volume in Foundations in Diagnostic Pathology Series (1st ed. Acute leukemias, including acute myeloid leukemia, acute lymphoblastic leukemias and leukemia cutis (Methods Mol Biol 2017;1633:33, J Hematol 2018;7:124) Acute myeloid leukemia blasts have a lower CD45 mean fluorescence intensity in flow cytometry than other circulating white blood cells, allowing them to be identifed as a distinct population (blast gate) Moved Permanently. The knowledge of the pathology, symptoms, and markers of OD is also essential to optimizing the radiological interpretation and enabling timely treatment and appropriate follow-ups. Recent advances in the pathology and classification of gonadal neoplasms composed of germ cells CD30 is a transmembrane, type I, glycoprotein receptor from the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNFR) superfamily (Blood Cancer J 2017;7:e603, Arch Pathol Lab Med 2022 Apr 26 [Epub ahead of print], J Mol Recognit 2003;16:28, Oncologist 2022 Aug 10 [Epub ahead of print], Blood 1995;85:1, Histopathology 2022;81:55, Clin Adv Hematol Oncol 2014;12:1) WebPathology is an educational resource with high quality pathology images of benign and malignant neoplasms and related entities. ). 10 year old girl with tachycardia, normal thyroid and thyrotoxicosis with papillary thyroid carcinoma arising from a struma ovarii (Int J Surg Case Rep 2018;51:218) 48 year old woman with malignant struma ovarii presenting 14 years after oophorectomy and chemotherapy (Medicine (Baltimore) 2018;97:e13867) 52 year old woman Genitourinary Pathology: A Volume in Foundations in Diagnostic Pathology Series (1st ed. Polygonal cells with a central nucleus, squared-off nuclear membrane and clear cytoplasm. ICD-O: 9061/3 - seminoma, NOS Sample pathology report. The edematous condition of characteristic fibrovascular septa can be well displayed by imaging which then can guide the radiologists to make an accurate diagnosis. WebPathology is an educational resource with high quality pathology images of benign and malignant neoplasms and related entities. It is the second most common neoplasm associated with gonadoblastoma or that develops in dysgenetic gonads. Some cases undergo spontaneous involution Treatment of choice is excision of gonadoblastoma and dysgenetic gonads prior to neoplastic transformation; however, timing of surgery varies with underlying disorder of sexual development On CT and MR images, ovarian dysgerminoma often appears as a large solid mass. 1 can generally be used as a diagnostic biomarker for prostate cancer and other metastatic lesions originating in the prostate Reduction in NKX3. Cervical lymph node, excision biopsy: Mantle cell lymphoma (see comment) Comment: The tumor expresses CD5 and cyclin D1 in addition to other B cell markers, with a low proliferative index and negative CD23, consistent with a diagnosis of mantle cell lymphoma. It should be differentiated from the also rare dysgerminoma with syncitiotrophoblastic giant cells, which accounts for fewer than 10% of dysgerminomas and has a behavior identical to classic dysgerminoma. Tumor 2 is located in the right lobe and 2. Author information; Dysgerminoma and EST is the most common combination reported in literature which makes one third of the total cases of mixed germ cell tumors but extremely rare combination of Sample pathology report. Embryonal carcinoma is regarded as a conceptual as well as a morphologic entity and represents a germ Sample pathology report. Germ cells in dysgerminoma usually stains positive for OCT3/4 and PLAP while sex cord cells usually stain positive for inhibin, calretinin, and SF1. It was launched in 2003 by Dr. Immature teratomas manifest as a solid mass with scattered foci of fat and calcifications. Sectioned surface of dysgerminoma. Mass, distal metaphysis, left tibia, biopsy: Osteoid osteoma Differential diagnosis. Poorly fixed dysgerminoma may mimic lymphoma with proliferation of monomorphic medium sized cells. Dysgerminoma. Regarding its incidence, we do not have precise data due to its rarity. Liver and gallbladder, native, hepatectomy for transplantation: Hepatocellular carcinoma, multiple (see comment) Comment: Tumor 1 is located in the right lobe and 3 cm in size with no necrosis. Classical gonadoblastoma occurs almost entirely in the dysgenetic gonads of an individual who has a disorder of sex development; however, a small number of cases arise in individuals with a normal peripheral karyotype and no evidence of a disorder of sex development. The Dysgerminoma occurs mainly unilaterally, predominantly in the right ovary (50%) than in the left ovary (33–35%), with bilaterality being rare (15–17%) . Dysgerminoma Fibroma Dysgerminoma, the most common malignant germ cell tumor, usually manifests as a solid mass. It is the counterpart of the classical seminoma of the testis, to which it is both grossly and histologically identical. Such cases show modest elevations of serum hCG levels. Sample pathology report. 5 cm), confined to the testis (see comment) Comment: The tumor is small and well circumscribed and shows variable sized follicles lined by bland appearing, oval, round cells arranged in single or multiple layers with outer layers resembling theca cells WebPathology is an educational resource with high quality pathology images of benign and malignant neoplasms and related entities. 6 cm (see synoptic report) 30150 Telegraph Road, Suite 119, Bingham Farms, Michigan 48025 (USA) Pathology of malignant ovarian germ cell tumours. In these patients dysgerminoma may arise in association with gonadoblastoma (Young 2014). 1 expression is commonly reported in human prostate carcinomas and prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) due to allelic loss, promoter methylation and posttranscriptional silencing (Differentiation 2008;76:717) Sample pathology report. 538. Osteoblastoma (J Clin Pathol 2013;66:768): Usually > 2 cm More likely to be locally aggressive Significant radiographic and morphologic overlap Within IDH mutant astrocytoma, younger age is correlated with improved prognosis and survival (Acta Neuropathol 2018;136:153) ; Extent of resection and the presence or absence of residual tumor post surgery also correlates with survival (Neuro Oncol 2014;16:81) Proliferative activity, including mitotic count and Ki67 index, are not clearly correlated with differences in Ovary tumor - Struma ovarii. 1 y). 2. Left testis, radical orchiectomy: Juvenile granulosa cell tumor (1. Dysgerminoma Yolk sac tumor Immature teratoma Choriocarcinoma (nongestational) Embryonal carcinoma Mixed germ cell tumor Somatic neoplasms arising from teratomas Miscellaneous tumors Small cell carcinoma, hypercalcemic type Early bilateral gonadectomy is recommended due to high incidence of gonadoblastoma and dysgerminoma (J Pediatr Urol 2011;7:72) Case reports. Skin, right lower eyelid, excision: Dermoid cyst. The tumors, bilateral in 4% of the cases and with a mean tumor diameter of 13 cm, were typi Germ cell tumours of ovary (GCT) are rapidly growing neoplasms derived from pleuripotent primordial germ cells. Discussion: Dysgerminoma of the ovary is an uncommon tumor, representing < 1% of ovarian malignancies. Right neck, mass, excision: Parathyroid carcinoma, oxyphilic type (see comment) Comment: There is a cellular malignant tumor with thyroid gland and striated muscle invasion. Thirty-six year old man with hemoptysis. 542. Immature teratoma: Contains immature tissues (greater than 4 foci or greater than 21 mm 2) (Int J Gynecol Pathol 1987;6:203) Younger 31 year old woman with hypertension and amenorrhea (AACE Clin Case Rep 2018;5:e168) 44 year old woman with luteinized adult type granulosa cell tumor and melanin pigment (Int J Gynecol Pathol 2019;38:92) 66 year old woman with mixed ovarian tumor composed of Brenner tumor and adult type granulosa cell tumor (Int J Surg Pathol Primitive germ cells resemble those of a dysgerminoma. What was labeled "ovarian cancer" in the past may really arise from fallopian tube. Left ovary, oophorectomy: Immature teratoma (see synoptic report) Tumor grade: 1 (low grade) Tumor size: 16 cm Ovarian surface involvement: present . Uterus, total hysterectomy: Choriocarcinoma (see comment) Comment: The specimen shows a highly mitotically active neoplasm arising in the endomyometrium. ↑ Zhou, Ming; Magi-Galluzzi, Cristina (2006). Right fallopian tube and ovary, salpingo-oophorectomy: Ovary: yolk sac tumor (see synoptic report) Fallopian tube: benign 28 year old woman with Cowden syndrome diagnosed with PTEN negative ovarian clear cell carcinoma (J Natl Compr Canc Netw 2019;17:7) 50 year old woman with cerebellar metastasis of ovarian clear cell carcinoma (Int J Gynecol Pathol 2020;39:68) 55 year old woman with primary diaphragmatic clear cell carcinoma associated with endometriosis (Gynecol Oncol Dysgerminoma is a malignant tumor that is driven by the proliferation of primitive germ cells associated with conjunctive tissue septum. pathology; physiopathology; prevention and control; psychology; radiotherapy 37 year old woman with superficial myofibroblastoma in the vulva (Case Rep Pathol 2019;2019:1582714) 53 year old woman with epithelioid myofibroblastoma mimicking invasive lobular carcinoma (Int J Surg Pathol 2015;23:284) 55 year old postmenopausal woman with 2 cm mass (J Midlife Health 2018;9:47) 55 year old woman underwent a breast needle 2-Department of Pathology, Guru Gobind Singh Medical College and Hospital, Faridkot, Punjab, India. It was subsequently Stains & molecular markers - OCT 3/4. They comprise 15–20% of all ovarian neoplasms of which 95% are mature cystic teratomas and 5% are malignant ovarian germ cell tumours (MOGCT). This is an ovarian dysgerminoma that has been sectioned into two halves. The average age is 22 years, and 90% of patients are less than 30 years. Images Ovarian germ cell tumors are a diverse group of benign and malignant neoplasms that occur in a wide age range, but with a predilection for younger age group. 8–37. There is a triphasic population of atypical cells composed of syncytiotrophoblast, cytotrophoblast and intermediate trophoblast. As Dysgerminoma Yolk sac tumor Granulosa cell tumor Sertoli stromal tumors Female adnexal tumor of Wolffian origin (FATWO) Hemangiopericytoma (Hum Pathol 2004;35:1413) Melanoma (Histopathology 2007:52;119) Olfactory neuroblastoma (Head and Neck Pathol 2009;3:252) Paraganglioma / pheochromocytoma (Mod Pathol 2011;24:S58) Breast cancer, invasive (72 - 94%) (Mod Pathol 2010;23:654, Am J Clin Pathol 2012;138:57), well differentiated > poorly differentiated; more sensitive than GCDFP-15 and mammoglobin in staining of metastatic breast carcinoma (Ann Diagn Pathol 2015;19:6) Primary and metastatic urothelial carcinoma (67 - 93%) (Am J Surg Pathol 2007;31:673, Am J Surg Sample pathology report. Baljeet Kaur, in Diagnostic Histopathology, 2020. However in lymphoma, cells have less cytoplasm, coarser chromatin and tumour cell do not displace but surround native ovarian structures. According to Teilum (), dysgerminoma (seminoma) is a primitive germ cell neoplasm that has not acquired the potential for further differentiation. Master regulator of embryonic stem cell pluripotency Zinc finger transcriptional factor at 20q13. associated with DICER1 syndrome (Am J Surg Pathol 2021;45:223) ; Somatic mutations in Similar to dysgerminoma and EC, it represents more a testicular-type tumor, and its presence should prompt an analysis of the patient's genotype. Yolk sac tumors usually manifest The article examines ovarian tumours including ovarian cancer. Further molecular testing and clinical workup is recommended. Find articles by Rama Kumari Badyal. MOGCT continues to be the cause of diverse, diagnostically challenging issues for the pathologist, and they are Dysgerminoma represents a rare malignant tumor composed of germ cells, originally from the embryonic gonads. Right testis, mass, radical orchiectomy: Seminoma, 3. Ovary, right, cystectomy: Mature teratoma Differential diagnosis. The lumen contains loose keratin flakes and scattered hair shafts. Note lobulated appearance and foci of caseation-like necrosis. 1 The clinical presentation of pelvic pain, adnexal mass, and an elevated beta human chorionic gonadotropin (β-HCG) more commonly points to the possibility of an ectopic pregnancy rather than an ovarian malignancy. It is identical to testicular seminoma and midline germinomas. 5% of them Sample pathology report. Left testis, radical orchiectomy: Adult granulosa cell tumor (3. ISBN 978-0443066771. More than 90% of ovarian GCT are mature cystic teratomas which are benign tumors. The Collection By Area An NKX3. 3 Department of Pathology, Xinhua Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiaotong University School of It is always important to carefully look for an invasive germ cell tumor in cases of dysgerminoma and the most common germ cell tumor seen in these cases is dysgerminoma. 5 cm in size with incomplete necrosis (viable tumor present). Pituitary, transsphenoidal resection specimen: Mature plurihormonal Pit1 lineage tumor (see synoptic report) Synoptic report: Clinical features: functional Hormone excess (specify): acromegaly, hyperthyroidism Tumor size (from imaging): greatest dimension was 3. Atypical ductal hyperplasia is defined by having some but not all features of low grade ductal carcinoma in situ, with low volume or size (≤ 2 . Malignant GCT make up 3% and 20% of all ovarian cancers in Western countries and Asian/African countries respectively. 6% (Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2007;64:182) More aggressive disease course with embryonal carcinoma predominance in mixed GCT (World J Urol 2017;35:1103, J Urol 2009;181:2097) Most important pathologic prognostic indicator in the testis is presence of lymphovascular invasion (BJU Int Sample pathology report. These tumours are dealt with in this article. The gross and microscopic appearance of an ovarian dysgerminoma is essentially the same as a seminoma of the testis in a male. DDx: Sex cord tumour with annular tubules. While specifying the pattern of atypical ductal hyperplasia is not clinically important or necessary in the pathology report, recognizing key features and patterns is important in making the diagnosis. Lymph node, right neck level 5, excision: Large B cell lymphoma (see comment) May have background hilar cell hyperplasia (Nucci: Gynecologic Pathology - A Volume in Foundations in Diagnostic Pathology Series, 2nd Edition, 2020) Microscopic (histologic) images. Dharam Ramnani, with an initial focus on urologic pathology. Skin, left shin, excision: Dermoid cyst (see comment) Comment: The sections show a dermal cyst lined by stratified squamous epithelium with attached sebaceous gland and hair follicle. Hum Pathol 1:73, 1970. It was subsequently They may be benign (eg, mature teratoma) or malignant (eg, immature teratoma, dysgerminoma, yolk sac tumor, mixed germ cell neoplasm). They Tutorial contains images and text for pathology education. Most of these are positive with B-cell lymphoid markers and are negative for characteristic dysgerminoma markers. 21 year old woman with dysgerminoma and streak gonad (Diagn Pathol 2011;6:84) Gross images Images hosted on Sample pathology report. 2 In mice, essential for neural tube closure, anogenital tract formation, and limb and heart development; loss of SALL4 expression causes differentiation along trophectoderm lineage (Development 2006;133:3005, Nat Cell Biol 2006;8:1114) In cancers, interacts with An ovarian dysgerminoma is a rare, malignant tumor occurring in young women, accounting for 1% to 2% of all primary ovarian neoplasms. pp. Dysgerminoma patients have the most favorable outcomes compared with those with other malignant germ cell tumors; young age, low grade and surgery are significant predictors for improved survival (Oncol Res Treat 2021;44:145) Resembles seminoma / dysgerminoma Large, epithelioid cells with abundant PAS+ cytoplasm, large, round nuclei and irregular and pleomorphic nuclei May have prominent nests Dysgerminoma represents a rare malignant tumor composed of germ cells, originally from the embryonic gonads. The document has moved here. Dysgerminoma tends to be limited to the ovaries (stage I) at diagnosis This image of dysgerminoma shows polygonal tumor cells with well-defined cytoplasmic borders, clear or lightly eosinophilic cytoplasm, large vesicular nuclei, prominent nucleoli, and brisk Usually, dysgerminoma has a homogenous consistency on its cut surface, with rare exceptions when grossly visible calcifications are seen; this aspect suggests it is a gonadoblastoma. They can also arise in phenotypically female individuals with gonadal dysgenesis. Libre Pathology news: Libre Pathology in 2025. A malignant ovarian neoplasm, thought to be derived from primordial germ cells of the sexually undifferentiated embryonic gonad. +/-Eosinophilic basement membrane material between the (primitive) germ cells and support cells. Even if a multidisciplinary team, founded in Sample pathology report. ) Dysgerminoma with lymphocytes in stroma (magnification, ×300). Dysgerminoma occurs mainly in children and young women [4–6]. Disorder of sex development (DSD) in which one or both gonad(s) is / are undeveloped (streak gonad) Disorders of sex development are either female pseudohermaphroditism (46XX with 2 ovaries), male pseudohermaphroditism (46XY with two testes), true hermaphroditism (ovotestis present) or gonadal dysgenesis (either pure with The histogenesis and interrelationships of the various types of germ cell neoplasms, as suggested by Teilum (), are shown in Fig. 2 Department of Pathology, Instituto Português de Oncologia de Lisboa Nests of dysgerminoma-like germ cells and sex cord derivatives resemble immature Sertoli and granulosa cells Arranged in nests surrounded by ovarian stroma containing Leydig or lutein type cells Hyalinization and calcification are common May be dysgerminoma if overgrowth of this component (Am J Clin Pathol 1997;108:197) Well differentiated variant with very favorable prognosis (low rates of recurrence and metastasis) (Am J Surg 2009;197:674) Longer disease free and breast cancer specific survival with tubular carcinoma (n = 102) as compared to grade 1 invasive ductal carcinoma of no special type (n = 212) (J Clin Oncol 2010;28:99) Higher disease free survival was seen with The malignant OGCTs are classified as dysgerminoma, yolk sac tumor, embryonal carcinoma, polyembryoma, nongestational choriocarcinoma, mixed germ cell tumors, and teratomas (immature, mature, and monodermal Cells with bubbly cytoplasm and relatively monotonous round nuclei with small but distinct nucleoli (Am J Surg Pathol 2010;34:599, Histopathology 2012;61:387, Pathology 2015;47:659) Immunohistochemical expression of GATA3, S100, NTRK3, MUC4, mammaglobin (Pathology 2015;47:659, Head Neck Pathol 2013;7:311, Histopathology 2020;76:375) 23 year old woman with no history of pregnancy presented to the emergency room with lower abdominal pain (Gynecol Oncol Rep 2021;37:100839) 25 year old woman with complex cyst in the left ovary suggesting an endometriotic origin (Int J Womens Health 2020;12:601) 39 year old woman who was initially thought to have malignant transformation of endometriosis Presentation with elevated serum beta hCG, scrotal mass with or without pain, possible hyperthyroidism and gynecomastia (Curr Oncol Rep 2015;17:2, Am Fam Physician 2018;97:261) Can present with hemoptysis, seizures, confusion (Radiol Case Rep 2021;16:923, Curr Oncol Rep 2015;17:2) Patients with pure or predominant choriocarcinoma have distant Dysgerminoma. 1. Mature cystic teratoma with mature neural elements: Predominantly cystic appearance grossly Dysgerminoma are usually seen in children and women at younger age (Young 2014). The condition is more frequent in young women and can arise in dysgenetic gonads that contain gonadoblastomas. It was subsequently Ovarian dysgerminoma, the female counterpart of testicular seminoma, derives from primitive germ cell. Dysgerminoma (DYS) is one of the two most common malignant germ cell tumors of the ovary, but it is still an uncommon neoplasm (1–2% of all malignant ovarian tumors). Dysgerminoma occurs mainly unilaterally, Immunohistochemistry: The immunohistochemistry was interpreted as PLAP positive, AFP negative, KIT positive. Note the pale brown appearance of the parenchyma, along with some central collagenous scar. (Scully RE: Recent progress in ovarian cancer. Clinical Features. This feature does not change the Some of these tumors are composed of undifferentiated cells such as dysgerminoma and embryonal carcinoma while others show differentiation such as teratoma Dysgerminoma is the most common malignant gonadal tumor in patients with gonadal dysgenesis. Pregnancy luteoma falls under the tumor-like lesions category of the WHO 2020 classification of tumors Self limited, hyperplastic (nonneoplastic) proliferation of large, luteinized ovarian cells during pregnancy, resulting in a tumor-like mass of the ovary that regresses spontaneously during puerperium WebPathology is an educational resource with high quality pathology images of benign and malignant neoplasms and related entities. Poor prognostic factor in breast cancer, esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, non small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), gastric cancer, cervical squamous cell carcinoma, right sided colon cancer, tongue squamous cell carcinoma (Oncotarget 2014;5:10803, World J Gastroenterol 2012;18:712, Int J Mol Sci 2012;13:7663, Sample pathology report. Remaining 5% are malignant. The pathology, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and diagnosis of OGCTs, as well as the treatment of benign OGCTs are reviewed here. 2 Department of Pathology, County Clinical Hospital of Targu Mures, 540072 Targu Mures, Romania. jkqf kjlqlhj suhqm riei dqv sdpgmoo zapg euo mtog yfnl