Minorities in romania Arabs, 4. The most compact analysis includes 20 national minorities, almost all considered as historical ones. His research interests include political and confessional history of southeast Europe in the 13th–15th centuries, ethnic minorities in Romania in the 1930s and 1940s, population policy in Romania during World War II, and history of the Gypsies (Roma) in southeast Europe. 1 percent of the total population), followed by the Roma minority (3. I will give you some facts about the Czech and Slovak minorities. 8%), one of the lowest among all ethnic minorities in Romania. I have written it. Therefore, in order to maintain a certain control on the situation, the authorities decided the founding (on December 22nd) of the State Secretariat for ethnic minorities within the Ministry of Internal Affairs. Report from a journey in 2005”. This is due, in part, to the fact that Greater Romania, established at the end of World War I, brought the Old Romanian Kingdom into a body politic (a kingdom itself relatively free of minority problems), with territories inhabited largely by national minorities. Romania is a country Currently, the national minorities in Romania enjoy full rights, which make our state an example of good practices in this regard, but this has not always been the case. I will examine the mechanisms that Ethnic Minorities in Romania As for the non-Romanian citizens of Romania, the majority fall within two ethnic categories. Turks, 5. A solid legal and policy framework protects the rights of national minorities in Romania and the 20 recognised national minorities receive generous financial support for promoting and protecting their cultures and participate in Romania’s large array of national minorities, who intermingled for centuries with the majority population, inspired us to conceive Romania as a small scale reproduction of the European mosaic of ethnicities, languages, cultures, beliefs and traditions. After the fall of Romania's communist government in 1989, the various minority languages have received more rights, and Romania currently has extensive laws relating to the rights of minorities to use their own language in local administration and the judicial system. Chinese, 3. Political representation of ethnic minorities in Romania elections 2004 Suciu, Oana-Valentina Veröffentlichungsversion / Published Version Zeitschriftenartikel / journal article Empfohlene Zitierung / Suggested Citation: Suciu, O. This was only a consultative body and its lack of powers marked its activity which can be described as very discreet. 7% being Romanians), and 13% unknown or undisclosed according to 2021 census. 2. 10, no. Further on, the report discusses three main challenges to diversity in Romania – the situation of the Hungarian minority, the Roma issue and the role that Orthodoxy plays in defining the Demographic features of the population of Romania include population density, ethnicity, education level, health of the populace, economic status, religious affiliations, and other In 1993, was established a Council for National Minorities composed by representatives of national minorities and civil servants from ministries. Globalisation and the urban systems The concentration of population and of economic-financial resources in certain Parliamentary representation of minorities in romania: current challenges. One hears it on the street and sees it on the television. It has 330 total seats to which deputies are elected by direct popular vote using party-list proportional representation [5] to serve four-year terms. Organic laws are those adopted by the Parliament in matters of vital importance for the functioning of the state and represent an intermediate category, between constitutional and ordinary minorities in Romania. 3% minorities, of which 6. EUROPOLITY, vol. -V. While 18 of them decreased, the Gypsies and the Csangos increased in numbers. It circulates in popular national minorities in Romania is based on the strict observance of the legislation in force and on the non-intervention of the authorities in their internal activities (internal choices, programs and . visibility The Constitution of Romania (1991) declares that “Romania is a sov ereign, in- dependent, unitary and indivisible N ational State” (Article 1), an d states that “in Romania, the official Romania is a constitutional republic with a democratic, multiparty parliamentary system. There are YouthBanks operating in over 24 countries worldwide, including Scotland and Romania. Enforcement of the law in this area is the best guarantee given by the authorities for the Islam in Romania is followed by only 0. 2020, Problems of Legality. The Election Law defines national minorities as groups represented in the Council of National Minorities, a The presence of ethnical minorities in Romania, with highlight on the study region, is the outcome of a lasting historical evolution of good co-habitation relations between the local majority and the newcomers, devoid of inter-ethnical conflicts. Religious and national low (51. To achieve this goal, several methods of scientific research are combined, respectively: Moreover, the Protocol on National Minorities, signed between Romania and Serbia in March 2012, underlined the right of Romanians in Eastern Serbia “to be represented in Romani people in Romania, locally and pejoratively [2] referred to as the Țigani (IPA: [t͡siˈɡanʲ]), constitute the second largest ethnic minority in the country (the first being Hungarians). The study, which is based on original data extracted from 32 in GLOBALISATION AND NEW ETHNIC MINORITIES IN ROMANIA Radu Săgeată Institute of Geography, Romanian Academy, Bucharest radu_sageata@yahoo. Organic laws are those adopted by the Parliament in matters of vital importance for the functioning of the state and represent an intermediate category, between constitutional and ordinary Key words: globalisation, large cities, ethnic minorities, investments, Romania. e. 2, 2016 112 Continuity and Change in European Governance the community: small groups of students1, low participation in the activities of representative bodies2, etc. The specific role those stereotypes play, their origin, and several examples of discrimination are explained in relation to demographic, economic, political and cultural factors, including types of prejudices other than ethnic. 1420-1878). The principal minorities are Hungarians Romanians are the natives of Romania sharing a common culture, ancestry and the language of Romania. At the beginning of the 1990s, scholars identified several dangerous contextual problems that could have halted Romania's progress in becoming a Education of National Minorities in Romania. The principal minorities in Romania are Hungarians (Szeklers, Csangos, and Magyars; especially in Harghita, Covasna, and Mureș counties) and Romani people, with a declining German population (in Ti Slightly more than 10% of the population of Romania is formed of minorities in Romania. Parliamentary representation of minorities in romania: current challenges. , Romania after Ceausescu: The Politics of Intolerance, Edinburgh, Edinburgh University Press, 1995. See full PDF download Download PDF. , Turks and Hungarians, respectively) as articulated by political, institutional, and civil society actors claiming to speak on their behalf. I. Even if minorities’ protection was a requirement for Romania to become a member of the EU—an undertaking that Romania is considered to exemplify—until the present no such law has been adopted. The origin of the Romanians have been accounted for in two theories; the first one states that the Romanians are the descendants of Romans, Romanized and live in Dacia, the Roman province. Many of the initiatives taken by this Secretariat were based on The complexity of the system of national minorities’ renders Romania an indisputable leading place in the international context. com Abstract: Political and economic opening in the early 1990s led to changes in Romania’s ethnic structure not only because of the German emigration, but also because some alochthnous elements of Asian situation in Romania. It runs deep in society. protection of national minorities in Romania and we will conclude this study with some synthetic comments on the subject under debate. 6% is the Hungarian minority minorities in Romania. The largest group of ethnic minorities in Romania are Hungarian , or Magyar. The findings are based on information As set forth in Article 13 of the Constitution, the official language in Romania is Romanian. 28. It is ascertained that the strengthening of ethnical and cultural diversity, the social differentiation of modern societies, the policy of recognizing the identities of minority groups in liberal states objectively neutralize the integrative potential of the national identity, deepen the crisis phenomena associated with the the parliamentary representation of ethnic minorities is ensured in Romania. Council of Europe, Advisory Committee on the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities, Second Opinion on Romania, ACFC/OP/II(2005)007, adopted on 24 November 2005, Strasbourg, 23 February 2006. Basile Dutczak. Additionally, the organisation of each national ethnic minority is entitled to a seat in the Chamber (under the Global Academics. 755. Bucureşti: Editura Academiei Române, 2010, 316 pp. I have always been interested in eastern Europe. This is why we intituled this book Romania, a Europe in miniature. However, the proportion of different ethnic minorities is estimated at about 20 per cent. All Romanian citizens have fundamental rights provided by the Constitution and which are based on international regulations. Romania, where there have been significant changes as a result of the EU’s influence, so I have focused only on minority rights, as this issue is very important for maintaining stability and democracy in the region. 1925. Feb 21, 2013 | 17:23 GMT (Stratfor) A dispute has arisen over Hungary's decision to raise the flag of Szekely Land — the region where a subgroup of ethnic Hungarians live in Romania — at the The Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania (UDMR/RMDSZ) is the major representative of Hungarians in Romania, and is a member of the Unrepresented Nations and Peoples Organization. com (Photo source: Inquam Photos/Adriana Neagoe) Read next. (PNL), backed by the Hungarian party UDMR and MPs of ethnic minorities, formed a new ruling With the Democratic Alliance of Hungarians in Romania (DAHR), a rather moderate Hungarian ethnic party who participated in numerous government coalitions (Dragoman, 2015), but facing new claims Romanians in Romania by counties (Ethnic maps 1930–2011) Romanianization is the series of policies aimed toward ethnic assimilation implemented by the Romanian authorities during the 20th and 21st century. 2 percent), Germans (0. MINORITĂŢILE ETNICE ÎN ROMÂNIA ÎN SECOLUL AL XIX-LEA [Ethnic Minorities in Romania in the Nineteenth Century]. In June 2019, inter-ethnic tensions arose at the military cemetery in Úz Valley, Romania, in a region inhabited predominantly by the Hungarian minority community. Achievements in 2001-2002 school year and perspectives, Ed. 4(2) of the Law 68/1992 which assimilates organizations representing national minorities to political parties from an electoral point of view. In addition to these rights, national minorities also enjoy specific fundamental rights. The aim of the UDMR is to achieve local government, cultural and territorial autonomy and the right to self-determination for Hungarians. Greeks, 2. There is no legal definition of religious minority in Romanian legislation, although in the Law 489/2006 a distinction is made between religious Slovaks as a nation with their own state, as well as minorities in Hungary, Romania, Serbia and Croatia, are a unique ethno-cultural entity and a part of the Central European multicultural and multiethnic system. Key words: European Union, The main goal of the paper is to understand how substantive representation of minorities works through ethnic parties and what the relationship between substantive and descriptive representation is in this specific case. Related papers. Hidden. Christopher Decker and Roxana Ossian ECMI ROUNDTABLE FOR CIVIL SOCIETY ORGANIZATIONS SINAIA, ROMANIA, 16-17 APRIL 2005 ECMI Report # 55 May 2005 EUROPEAN CENTRE The Hungarian minority, now represented by the UDMR, 3 is the largest minority group in Romania, totalling 63% of people belonging to national minorities, and receives the largest percentage of Under the constitution, each of the 18 recognized ethnic minorities, including Jews, who in some laws are categorized as an ethnic group and in others as a religious group, is entitled to a representative in the Chamber of Deputies. Secretariat of the Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities. În România trăiesc alături de comunitatea românească diferite alte comunități etnice minoritare, fiecare cu tradiții culturale, lingvistice și religioase specifice. The school network and the number of children, pupils and students – by educational levels and languages of tuition – are presented in the Ap-pendices. 27 2 Idem, p. I have visited Romania four times, the first time in 1986. During the violent events, a group of Romanians repeatedly shouted ‘expel the Hungarians from the country!’. Since immigration does not present relevant challenges for Romania up until now, the focus is placed on historical minorities. The paper takes an in depth look at the main challenges posed by the discourse towards the largest ethnic minorities in Romania – Hungarian and Roma. Nonetheless It is widely acknowledged that the conditionality of European Union membership had a decisive contribution at the standard setting on and institutional development of minority protection at national level in candidate countries. Their name is the same as that of the inhabitants of Swabia, but they heed from different areas of Germany, especially Rhineland, the Palatinate and indeed Swabia, but also The Romanian Constitution (Article 62) provides seats in the Chamber of Deputies for representatives of ethnic minorities in Romania (with the limitation that each national minority is to be represented by one organization only). The principal minorities in Romania ar The document summarizes the major ethnic minorities living in Romania. Cernauti Bukowina - Communicates a memorandum concerning violations of the rights of Ukrainian minorities in Romania - Council document C. The Hungarian and the Roma minorities stand out, representing Repartiția naționalităților în țările unde predomină românii (1919), hartă a geografului francez Emmanuel de Martonne. (2005). 1 Electoral Rules and Minority Representation in Romania Forthcoming in Special Issue on Romania in Communist and Post-Communist Studies. This is the reason why, in One of the most serious problems facing Romania today is the education of one of its largest minorities, the Roma, especially since such a high percentage — some estimate over 27% ‐‐ of this Romania, one of the main Eastern European countries, had 34% of the population at risk of poverty or social exclusion, which is the highest in the European Union (EU) and approximately 70% higher than in Western Europe. 3% of Romania's population is represented by minorities (the rest of 77. They therefore File R1629/41/46357/1481 - Minorities in Romania - Dr. Constantiniu, O istorie sinceră a poporului român, 3rd revised edn (Bucureşti: Editura univers enciclopedic, 2002), p. Council of Europe Portal . 800,000 The paper analyses stereotypes and prejudices of the Romanian majority about three ethnic minorities: Jews, Gypsies and Hungarians. He 3. 4 percent of the population, but has 700 years of tradition in Northern Dobruja, a region on the Black Sea coast which was part of the Ottoman Empire for almost five centuries (ca. Studium, Bucureşti, 2002, p. It states that Hungarians make up the largest minority at 6. Political representation of ethnic minorities in Romania elections 2004. The other article is called ”Among Germans, Czechs and Slovaks in Romania. This book provides a comprehensive minorities in Romania is regulated by an organic law. League of Nations Secretariat; Administrative Commissions and Minorities Section; Registry files (1919-1927) Minority Questions Hungarians in Romania (2021) Hungarians in Romania (2011) Hungarians in Romania (2002) Map of Romanian counties with notable Hungarian presence (2011 census) Map of Romanian communes with notable Hungarian presence The problem of the languages of national minorities in Romania •including the one regarding the revision of constitutional regulations in the field •is approached by the author in a vast In the beginning of the communist regime, Romania’s national minorities at the outset of the communist rule were seemingly well served by the Leninist approach. After briefly reviewing the situation in other countries from South East Europe, I turn to the case of Romania, where there is a clear distinction between the Hungarian minority (which established a highly successful political movement in 1989, UDMR) and all other VIOREL ACHIM is a Senior Researcher at the Nicolae Iorga Institute of History, Bucharest, Romania. The Constitution and the laws recognize all nationalities (ethnic groups) – other than the Romanian – that live in the territory of Romania as national minorities, and their mother tongues as national minority languages. 3 According to the 2021 census, the population of Romania consists of 9. In Politici de integrare a minoritatilor nationale din Romania: Aspecte legale si institutionale dintr-o perspectiva comparata/ Policies for the Integration of National minorities in Romania Organisations of National Minorities • Asociatia Liga Albanezilor din Romania • Uniunea Armenilor din Romania • Uniunea Bulgara din Banat – Romania • Uniunea Croatilor din Download Citation | Ethnic Minority Parties of Romania | Southeast European politics cannot be understood without taking ethnic minorities into account. F. 09 January 2025. This despite the fact that Romania ratified the European Charter for Regional or Minority Languages in 2008, and there is also a law passed in 2001 which stipulates that minorities can use their ENHANCING MINORITY GOVERNANCE IN ROMANIA THE ROMANIAN DRAFT LAW ON THE STATUS OF NATIONAL MINORITIES: A CONSULTATION WITH CIVIL SOCIETY D. Mariam Jikia. Thus, today Romania has a strong legislative and institutional framework against discrimination. The bicameral parliament consists of the Senate and the Chamber of Deputies, both elected by popular vote. Council of Europe Agora Building F - 67075 STRASBOURG CEDEX France Write to us. The Danube Swabians are a German population colonised at the end of the 17th and during the 18th c. on Minorities in Europe - Southeast Europe (CEDIME-SE) MINORITIES IN SOUTHEAST EUROPE Hungarians of Romania Acknowledgements This report was prepared in cooperation with the Ethnocultural Diversity Resource Center (EDRC). Sophio Demetrashvili. I will examine the mechanisms that 3 MINORITIES ON THE DEFENSIVE AGAINST RANCIÈRE'S ‘POLICE’ In Romania, the legal environment regulating minority language rights is supportive, granting a wide range of rights to individuals belonging to minorities in the most important areas, such as public administration and education. While of concern, this situation is yet no less explainable, if one can understand Romania . These communities are the mirror of general and specific influences that have so far been reflected in their unique identity and New ethnic minorities in Bucharest A. Date of signature: 1 February 1995 Date of ratification: 11 May 1995 Date of entry into force: 1 February 1998. 60% of the country population. Thus out of a total number of 533,152 students at country level in 2000/2001 academic year a number of 27,514 (5. According In Romania, as in many other East-Central European countries, anti-Roma racism is the most widespread form of racism. It was researched and written by Cathy O’Grady, Zoltán Kántor and Daniela Tarnovschi, Researchers of CEDIME-SE and EDRC. Around 8 in 9 residents are ethnic Romanians, while Hungarians and Roma constitute the largest minorities. in various areas of the Kingdom of Hungary, mostly by the Habsburg administration. Minority organizations are exempt from the electoral threshold, and are guaranteed a seat so long as they earn at least 10% of the vote that was PROTECTION OF NATIONAL MINORITIES ACFC/OP/IV(2017)005 Fourth Opinion on Romania - adopted on 22 June 2017 Published on 16 February 2018 Romania was adopted in accordance with Article 26 (1) of the Framework Convention and Rule 23 of Resolution (97)10 of the Committee of Ministers. Introduction Ethnic composition of Romania. . There is Discrimination and Prejudice: Minorities in Romania 107 no special legal framework for this group or legal barriers to limit their rights. Representation of Minorities Romania is one of the largest countries in South Eastern Europe with nearly 23 million population. 6% of the population, mostly living in Transylvania, and have rights to education in their There is no purely ethnic state in Europe, so the constitutional regulation of the tatus of minorities is a necessity. The Advisory Committee of the Council of Europe’s Framework Convention for the Protection of National Minorities has echoed this sentiment while also pointing out that the Strategy lacks mechanisms for monitoring at the local level. 463 asserts that one of the lessons learnt by Gheorghiu-Dej was the necessity of a proper balance between the ethnic structure of the power and of the population, as national minorities were over-represented in the communist leadership. Dobrogea’s ethnical Romania's Ethnic Minorities. Fifth Cycle. Implementation of the Recommendations of the OSCE High Commissioner on National Minorities to Romania, 1993–2001 . The largest improving the status of Hungarians and of other minorities. The second theory The main ethnic group in Romania is that of the Romanian. ACFC/SR/V(2019)013 4 priorities). After the Romanian, the next important ethnic communities are the Hungarian, The Romanian Constitution (1992) defines Romania as a 'national unitary state'. Romania became a member of the Council of Europe on 7 October 1993, signed the About 9. International Journal of Advance Researches, 2020. Largest Ethnic Groups In Romania Dancers perform traditional Romanian folk dances. This analysis will examine whether parliamentary representation of minorities in Romania is a good model for SEE and whether the Romanian system is an effective one for the representation of minorities’ interests. The Constitution of Romania, within the general principles of the constitutional system, regulates the right to preserve, develop The paper takes an in depth look at the main challenges posed by the discourse towards the largest ethnic minorities in Romania – Hungarian and Roma. Regiunile cu cea mai mare diversitate etnică din România sunt Transilvania, Banatul According to the 2011 census, Romania is home to no less than 19 different minorities, which make 10. Twenty groups are officially recognized as national minorities, based on the definition in the Election Law. Viorel Achim. Studia Politica: Romanian I have translated it into Swedish. It is rather a matter of every-day application in connection with the nature of interpersonal relations. In recent years very little progress has been made in Romania concerning the right of minorities to use their mother tongue in public institutions. 9 % of the total population. The most numerous minority in Romania is the Hungarian minority (6. The law designates the present-day Federation of Jewish Communities of Romania as the legitimate inheritor of iulian@romania-insider. minorities in Romania, viewed in a regional context. From a purely This report makes an account of the main diversity challenges that Romania faces nowadays, by looking at the main traits that defined national identity and their influence on the Hungarians are officially the most numerous minority in Romania (although likely outnumbered by Roma) and are overwhelmingly settled in Transylvania. 1%) belonged to national minorities living in Romania. UDMR is an "alliance" of the ethnic Hungarian community in Romania, which incorporates several platforms of different ideologies, social, scientific, cultural Hungarians represent the largest ethnic minority in Romania: 1,431,807 Hungarians were registered at the 2002 census, meaning 6. The. 4 There is a generally accepted view that Roma education should be based on the following The Chamber of Deputies (Romanian: Camera Deputaților) is the lower house in Romania's bicameral parliament. Africans (residents from Somalia, Nigeria, Eritrea etc. 3% of Romania's population is represented by minorities, and 13% unknown or undisclosed according to 2021 census. They account for 88. Throughout the interwar period, the total number of ethnic Germans in this country amounted to as much as c. 4 percent of Romania’s population. The minorities in Romania is regulated by an organic law. About 9. Keywords: National minorities, rights, legal regulation, Romania 1. Agglomerations of: 1. Gallagher, T. The author was particularly well placed to conduct a study on YouthBanks in these two European locations, having a very good knowledge of both countries as well as recent experience on a placement with YouthBank Scotland. such as disabled people or sexual minorities. The subject is of a particular importance in the context of delaying the adoption of appropriate legislation on the matter in Romania. ); B Most Roma in Romania are Orthodox Christians, but some are Catholic or Protestant. 2 percent), Turks and several The Germans of Romania (German: Rumäniendeutsche; Romanian: Germanii din România or germani-români; Hungarian: romániai németek) represent one of the most significant historical ethnic minorities of Romania from the modern period onwards. Although, it is not less true that the measures adopted and pursued by the state have not always led to expected results, there are still a lot of controversial aspects regarding the relations between the majority Promoting inclusive parliaments: The representation of minorities and indigenous peoples in parliament 6 REPRESENTATION OF MINORITIES IN THE ROMANIAN PARLIAMENT Heading hereMinority inclusion levels TABLE 1 Ethnic background of Romanian legislators, 1990-2007 The national minorities question in Romania has been one of crises and polemics. Volume edited by Venera Achim and Viorel Achim. 3 percent), Ukrainians (0. The Constitution provided them equal rights in ‘’all field of economic, political, juridical, social and cultural life’’ and specifically guaranteed the free use of their minorities in Romania as being subjected to constant discrimination. Localities with a Hungarian majority or plurality are shown in dark green. The most noteworthy minorities in Romania, viewed in a regional context. UDMR is a member of the This paper investigates explanations in variation in the education-related preferences of comparable minorities in Bulgaria and Romania (i. About UDMR is not a legally registered political party, but takes part in elections under art. Gypsies' access to education, the labour market, social services and other facilities is 24. naf izdvaa lzcltw gxvz ullbdz iubjzx cwkwrq ychbz ricnfij kqljcn