Duckweed fish food. Duckweed MAY be the food of the future.
Duckweed fish food. Some hobbyists have found that some barbs, mollies, and .
Duckweed fish food With its high biomass production, reasonable protein content, and resilience to several climates, it has been attracting increasing interest for potential use in animal and human food systems. The fish consume the duckweed rapidly. This is also why Duckweed is becoming more popular as a protein powder alternative (featured on shows like 'The Doctors' and 'Dr Oz' in the US) and actually being Nov 24, 2023 · Live fish food is a type of fish food that is fed to fish in its live form. Challenges and future research needs are discussed. Jun 1, 2022 · Duckweed nutrient content and metabolite composition have gained extensive attention, particularly in the animal feed industry, aquaculture, health supplement, biofertilizer, biofuel and emerging food products for humans (Anthonius et al. Duckweed is a small floating aquatic plant. 0, via Wikimedia Commons. It requires adequate sunlight, moderate temperatures, and nutrient rich water. Dec 22, 2021 · Studies are warranted for developing a duckweed supply chain and establishing duckweed as a novel staple food. Dec 9, 2023 · Natural Food Source: Duckweed can serve as a natural food source for many fish species. Jun 21, 2023 · Well, here is the solution! Easy fish food. com/channel/UCl4DEcd7 Feb 25, 2009 · The combination achieved higher growth rate compared to fish fed with commercial feeds. Nov 22, 2019 · Grass carp look upon duckweed as a food source and may eventually clean up the duckweed in a pond, but are not 100 percent reliable. To grow duckweed in an aquarium, it often can be purchased in a pet store. Aug 22, 2023 · Research the specific nutritional requirements of your chosen fish species to ensure that duckweed complements their diet effectively. Schematic representation of duckweed family, genus, and species. Apr 1, 2000 · In the integrated tilapia and duckweed recirculating system (Fig. This capability is crucial in improving water quality and reducing algae growth . Duckweed can also be use for shrimp food when blended into a paste and dried (add in spirulina powder to enrich it). Finally, scientists have been studying duckweed for other potential benefits. Herbivores will quickly incorporate this plant into their diet if its available and will devour leaves and roots alike. Duckweed also contains 5 Fish That Loves Eating Duckweed. Jan 29, 2024 · Duckweed inclusion levels between 15% and 30% were associated with positive outcomes on fish growth and feed conversion ratio without any negative impact on survival rates. Duckweed requires no further care or maintenance once it's in your pond or aquarium. Feb 1, 2022 · Overall, the metabolites profile, nutritional and microbial analyses of food used L. minor plant indicate that duckweed is a good candidate for future food. May 5, 2022 · Duckweed is a freshwater plant used as a floating plant in aquariums. They are not the quickest option for cleaning up duckweed because these fish enjoy other types of plant life more than duckweed, and typically eat the reserves of those other types of plant before turning to the duckweed. With its high biomass production, reasonable protein content, and resilience to several climates, it has been attracting increasing interest for potential use in animal and human food systems. More than P100,000 can be cut on expenses of a hectare of fishpond. The plants grow very well in saline water and can be used to remove salt from the water. Shop products from small business brands sold in Amazon’s store. Similarly, it is used to feed fish like tilapia and carp. In Florida, from the peninsula west to the central panhandle. Fish just can not get enough of this nutritious diet. Le 11 hours ago · Sustainability is becoming increasingly important in the world we live in, because of the rapid global population growth and climate change (drought, extreme temperature fluctuations). Abstract. Even guppies will eat duckweed if you mix it with brine shrimp or insect larvae! Is Duckweed Good for Fish? Yes. Rae / CC BY 2. Duckweed is a naturally occurring treat that is packed with essential nutrients, and many fish eat it in the wild. Have also observed kissing gouramy go up to the surface to eat it. Nov 30, 2023 · Duckweed is a common aquarium food, so you can probably find it at any store that sells fish keeping supplies. 4. I have beds just for this. 2020). It acts as a tonic for the water and as a food for the fish. L. Duckweed that is grown in nutrient-poor water only contains 15-25% protein, making it much less useful as a fish food when you consider the fact that fish pellets are usually tailor-made to have protein concentrations in the range of 40-45%. Shape into small flat patties the shape and size of store-bought algae wafers. People in developing countries need more sustainable protein sources instead of the traditional, less sustainable meat, fish, egg, and dairy products. It's popular because it helps filter water and serves as natural fish food. I dried duckweed for a few days (with a bit of salvinia mini) and put it in to an old plastic pepper grinder - hoping I could grind some dried duckweed into the tank for the guppies to eat. Duckweed is rich in essential amino acids, vitamins, and minerals, making it a promising candidate for inclusion in human diets. Chicken feed/fish food: Corn, for example, is normally used to feed livestock but remains low in protein; duckweed can supplement low-protein conventional feeds in a cost-effective manner. You will be surprised to know how fast your livestock will consume it. The magical 6 STEP process to Build Your Own Aquaponics setup!http://melbourneaquaponics. It is generally regarded as safe (GRAS), though studies are being conducted to confirm the exact benefits and uses of duckweed. 22. Jul 13, 2021 · Lemnoideae is a subfamily of flowering aquatic plants, known as duckweeds, water lentils, or water lenses. 3 days ago · In addition to protein powders and egg substitutes used in functional foods, Cartwright shared that duckweed is also being incorporated into plant-based seafood alternatives along with other plant proteins to “replicate the texture and taste of fish,” adding that companies are also fermenting duckweed to “improve its digestibility and Duckweed Grown in Hawaii Fish Food Koi Chickens 500 + Live Plants Aquarium Aquatic Freshwater, Green . You can get live, fresh, and frozen fish food. Sep 10, 2023 · What makes duckweed grow best? Think calm waters and good light. They float on or just beneath the surface of still Mar 2, 2023 · Duckweed is favored by goldfish, tilapia, koi fish, and other fish varieties and provides a nutritious and protein packed food source. (Source: [14] ). Aug 9, 2022 · Easy fish food. Morphology of (a) L. 2 Sanitize any harvested duckweed with potassium permanganate. This ring can also be used as a fish feeder, which prevents food from wandering around in the tank and ensures an organized, cleaner and healthier environment. Fish Food Our fish food packages are identical in terms of nutrition, but vary in terms of the size of the pellets. Dec 9, 2023 · It is highly nutritious and contains high amounts of protein, healthy fats, and essential micronutrients. Use duckweed aquarium plants as a supplement to live goldfish food, betta fish food, guppy food, koi food, catfish food, etc. Aq Jan 14, 2021 · Duckweed already provides an important source of food for water creatures and fish by containing all nine essential acids and a protein profile similar to that of an egg. Oct 24, 2018 · Today, I am going to show you how you can make a great shrimp or fish food from Duckweed!! Yes, I know it sounds absurd but this stuff is actually really really good shrimp food- it’s roughly between 20 and 40 percent protein, it’s full of goodness, it’s free and I know a lot of you guys will consider this like the aquarium [herpes] of the fish tank world but trust me it’s not. According to the study, Duckweed species have an average of 37. 0% of crude protein, therefore, it can be used as a food source for fish, shrimp, snails, crayfish, crabs, etc. Duckweed is an extremely fast growing floating plant. The addition of these fish, or any others, to your tank is a great strategy to slow its growth and provide a steady supply of food. Food i. Finely blended and some gelatin added. Duckweed is a very small plant. 2. Species of the genus Wolffia are traditionally used as human food in some of the Asian countries. org/search/sss?userpostingid=7424875577 or buy fish food flakes on Amazon (paid link): https: Feb 3, 2012 · Harvesting and feeding duckweed to Jade Perch - Autopot Aquaponics Feb 27, 2020 · My fish try homemade duckweed fish food. , 2022 ). This simple step can help ensure a balanced pond where both fish and ducks thrive. A. Duckweed also contains This doesn't come off of a farm ponds. I haven’t tried it. com: Generic Duckweed Grown in Hawaii Fish Food Koi Chickens 700 + Live Plants Aquarium Aquatic Freshwater, Green : Pet Supplies Duckweed provides shade for aquarium inhabitants, which can be beneficial for fish and other plants that prefer lower light levels. The protein content is greater in dried duckweed than in soybeans. 0. Turtle food. The temperature should range from 63 to 79 degrees F. au/magical-6-STEP2. Duckweed feed can supply animals with phosphate and nitrogen . Tilapia can survive on duckweed alone if they don’t have access to any other food. May 7, 2024 · Duckweed (Lemna minor L. They grow fast on water’s surface and produce large amounts of biomass. a) Overall number of studies utilizing duckweed in various forms including natural grazing, raw/fresh, dried, dried and then included into pelleted feed Jun 22, 2017 · Join this channel to access perks such as loyalty badges, custom emojis, and invites to a private WhatsApp group. Add to salads in place of sprouts, or sauté with onions and garlic for a duckweed risotto. Therefore, all 11 species of this genus, identified by molecular barcoding, were investigated for ingredients relevant to human nutrition. Discover more about the small businesses partnering with Amazon and Amazon’s commitment to empowering them. However, in some cases, duckweed can grow out of control and become a nuisance. alt + / Which fishes Eat duckweed? They provide a meal rich in protein for fishes such as Goldfish, Koi fish, Tilapia, Mosquito fish, and Grass Carp. The company has pioneered a proprietary and vertically integrated agricultural manufacturing platform to produce Rubi Protein, a functional protein derived from Lemna (commonly known as duckweed). Fish, otherwise, may be placed in duckweed tanks to suppress certain pests, like mosquitos. Tasty but not Apr 26, 2022 · Duckweed comes with many benefits, but their rapidly spreading colonies can come at a cost. Authors. Many bettas will nibble on the small leaves of the plant, and it can be a useful supplement. 2018; de Beukelaar et al. It is high in protein and has vital minerals and vitamins for the fish. Oct 4, 2024 · Tilapia love to eat plants, including duckweed. Nov 3, 2024 · Duckweed is commonly used as a feed for fish and domesticated poultry and treated as a complementary diet due to its high protein content. Duckweed is consumed by people in certain locations. Many pond fish species, like goldfish, carp, koi, and tilapia will happily munch on any duckweed that is available. 1 out of 5 stars Lush Duckweed: -Healthy duckweed grown in Fish4Ever's indoor aquariums. Alternative sources (plant-based, such as grains (wheat You can store it long-term and can be added to supplement with other fish foods. 9 mL) of potassium permanganate. Homer Edward Price, CC BY 2. With a mortar and pestle, or a food processor or anything you have that works, grind the duckweed 'till its a mushy pulp that looks like pesto. youtube. Mar 26, 2022 · Duckweeds are the smallest flowering plants on Earth. However, its potential as a human food source is still being explored. Some fish, such as goldfish and tilapia, actively consume duckweed as part of their natural feeding behavior. In addition to providing oxygen and food, duckweed has a few other potential benefits for betta fish. 5. (17-26 C. 😍https://www. This process will allow saline water application for the production of nutritionary meat (fish), an additional food source (duckweed) and halophytes (Salicornia plants) and serve as a vehicle for better environmental control. It is rich in protein and essential nutrients, making it a nutritious supplement to their diet. 1,4,9,11. But don’t worry – this helps to provide essential nutrients for your fish and keeps the plant’s growth under control. Oct 15, 2023 · Image by jcomp on Freepik High protein content. Mar 1, 2023 · It will allow to utilize saline water for production of nutritionary meat (fish), an additional food source (duckweed) and halophytes (Salicornia plants) and serve as a vehicle for enhance improved environmental control. Giant Duckweed is frequently found growing in local rivers, ponds, lakes, and sloughs. 5 3. Sanitize any harvested duckweed with potassium permanganate. Turning duckweed into fish food involves several steps to ensure its nutritional value is preserved and it is safe for the fish to consume. Duckweeds were firstly used to feed pigs, later to cattle, horses, sheep, rams, and fish (Hasan et al. Le Dec 8, 2019 · Duckweed is not only great at cleaning the water in your tank, but it also is free and makes great fish food!FilterFirst (dual-layer filter pad) - https://am Duckweed as Fish and Shrimp Food. Tristan Muller, Laurent Bazinet, Université Laval. Jul 17, 2024 · A small aquatic plant, duckweed, could revolutionize the food of tomorrow Published: July 17, 2024 4:11pm EDT. Details are absent. Further, duckweeds display high adaptability, and species are found around the globe growing under different environmental conditions. S. Just sprinkle on the surface of the water and watch your fish appear. Apart from being consumed by fishes, duckweeds are consumed in some parts of East Asia and are also a very potent medicinal herb. Barbs, tetras, live bearers and even certain catfish will eat. , 2008 ; Landolt, 1986 ), as well as chickens, ducks, and swans (Xu et al. Hungry fish will eat Duckweed. Fish that will devour duckweed include: Goldfish; Tilapia; Cichlids; Plecos; Butterfly splitfins May 7, 2024 · A good rule of thumb is to feed no more than what they can eat within 2-3 minutes. Duckweed has long been recognized as a valuable food source for animals, including fish, due to its high protein content. Dec 22, 2021 · Duckweed demonstrates a great potential for human food with many advantages. You will receive one (1) portion of duckweed. This review covers recent research on duckweed regarding plant cultivation, nutritional composition and quality, product development, and related safety issues and regulations for human food uses. You are getting 2 cups full. If you're moving the duckweed to an aquarium, make sure that the aquarium lid has a light source attached to it. Jan 10, 2025 · If transferring the duckweed to a pond in your garden, make sure that the pond is receiving plenty of sunlight. -Can be used as fish food! -Duckweed Care Guide -Duckweed grows very fast. I recently made fish food out of my duckweed and the fish and shrimp love it! See how I made it here: https://www. How to Use Duckweed as Fish Food For Aquaponics. The total Mar 14, 2024 · Buy 5Pcs Aquarium Floating Plant Corral, Floating Plant rings, Fish Feeding rings, 5 Sizes Black Duckweed Foam Floating Plant Corral Food Feeding rings for Fish Tank, Keeping Floating Plants In Place: Plastic Plants - Amazon. Music is from InShot music Oct 9, 2017 · You can also add other aquatic animals to your fish food, including brine shrimp, squid, mussels, and larvae. -Benefits: excellent ammonia/nitrate/nitrite reducer, reduces tank evaporation, and will make the fish feel safer since it provi These fish tank floating plant ring works great manages and protects the duckweed. and minerals. I am so glad that my fish ate this homemade fish food because it will give them extra nutrition to regular fish foods. However, information on its processed forms in the diets for better May 31, 2023 · Aside from habitat and water treatment benefits, duckweed is also considered an important source of nutrition for wildlife. Duckweed as well as other water plants are eaten by a variety of species, including fish, ducks, geese, small mammals, and even reptiles. craigslist. 1), the fish and the waters of the tilapia grow-out ponds provide the nutrients upon which the duckweed will thrive. com FREE DELIVERY possible on eligible purchases Dec 6, 2013 · The roots of the Duckweed attract other nutritious microscopic foods for fish. 7% methionine and cysteine, and 7. Duckweed (Lemna minor L. minuta can be recycled as a feed supplement by adsorbing micronutrients such as selenium and zinc, which are essential for animals . Please contact seller for purchase information Duckweed to Feed Tilapia in Aquaponics – The Food of the Future – by Colle and Phyllis Davis. Duckweed vs. Giant Duckweed, Spirodela polyrhiza, was Lemna polyrhiza. 3. If you feed your fish live food, only allow them 5 minutes to eat it and then clear the rest out to prevent rotting. algae: Who wins? Duckweed, for the win! It can help control algae growth. It helps to withhold regular feeding for a couple of days when introducing a new food to encourage the fish to try it. This is just one of the many plants I have to offer. Duckweed has high protein, with dry weight ranging from 20% to 45%. Oct 10, 2017 · Receive your welcoming gifts now here: 1. Jul 30, 2021 · FEEDS MULTIPLE SPECIES: Nutritious, protein-packed food source for various species such as koi fish, grass carp, and more. Can a goldfish live on duckweed alone? Nope! It’s like us living on just fries. And this article will explain to process how to make both floating and sinking fish food. To enhance the vegetable portion, include other fish foods. May 23, 2022 · If you have space in your aquarium or pond and have the system set up properly, it may be worthwhile to introduce aquarium fish species that use duckweed as a food source. How to Feed Fish. Is it possible to just leave some duckweed in a container and let it grow and then put it in the tank, or does it need some special requirements? Aug 3, 2023 · Still other fish will appreciate duckweed as a food source, as it’s packed with nutrients and protein. Note the live duckweed (Lemna) plants are a bit too big for the sma Shop products from small business brands sold in Amazon’s store. Some hobbyists have found that some barbs, mollies, and Sep 10, 2011 · The high protein content combined with the fact that duckweed can double in size every 48 hours makes duckweed a great choice for a sustainable fish feed supplement. It contains a decent quantity of protein, trace minerals, pro-vitamin A, B vitamins, vitamin K, essential fatty acids, antioxidants, and pigments like xanthophyll and carotene. yo Mar 1, 2023 · Duckweed plants can be used in at least two ways: (i) for wastewater treatment and reuse for fish growth and subsequently, human food [80], and; (ii) grown in aquaponic systems, for human consumption directly or for fish growth. Farm-raised Tilapia are usually given a diet of commercial fish food mixed with duckweed. A 1,000-square-meter, semi-intensive fishpond using the duckweed feed combination easily cut farm expenses by more than P10, 000 or more than 20 bags in the 4-month to 5-month culture cycle. This is great fish food. How would you like to cultivate and raise your own separate tank of Daphnia (also known as water fleas)? These tiny plankton-like freshwater crustaceans grow to about 3 millimeters in length or less. 2019; Naseem et al. WATER PLANTS FOR PONDS: Spectacular floating plants for aquariums, but also duckweed for ponds. 5 out of 5 stars 20 ratings. Sep 9, 2023 · Method of duckweed inclusion as fish feed. ). Duckweed is a common aquarium food, so you can probably find it at any store that sells fish keeping supplies. Duckweed is a nutrition powerhouse. Dec 27, 2022 · The nutritional value of duckweed (Lemna minor) has been investigated as a suitable substitute for soybean meal in aquafeed. 5 Fish That Loves Eating Duckweed Duckweed is a nutrition powerhouse. Add a tiny amount of plain flour, maybe 5% of the amount of duckweed you have, and mix it in. 8% lysine, 2. minor and (b) W Keyboard shortcuts Search. You can also consider using pre-packed commercial fish food that contains duckweed, to ensure a balanced and appropriate amount is given to your guppies. Historically consumed in southwest Asia, this duckweed is now gaining Duckweed-Eating Animals: Duckweed is a key element of the food of a variety of animals all around the world. Jan 9, 2021 · Yes I use it in my homemade frozen fish and shrimp food which contains salmon, prawns, carrot, spinach, peas, duckweed and a bit of garlic. My plant eaters will consume any and all plants. Jan 1, 2019 · Participants also imagined duckweed as a refrigerated food product, a food fitting the organic section, or food situated somewhere near the vegetarian burgers. 7 phenylalanine and tyrosine. It can multiply its mass 2x every 16 hours. Duckweed MAY be the food of the future. Using duckweed as fish feed in aquaponics can effectively utilize this rapidly growing aquatic plant while reducing reliance on commercial fish feeds. Jul 23, 2022 · Feeding Trout With Forage Fish Minnows can be used as forage fish for trout, but be aware that as your trout increase in size and number, natural food sources such as minnows may become significantly depleted. And yes, you can also feed it to your shrimp, snails, and other invertebrates. Conclusion. In this article, we will discuss the step-by-step process involved in turning duckweed into fish This duckweed fish food is super easy and anyone can make it! Because of duckweed's ability to rapidly multiply its mass 2x every 16 hours, hobbyists often f Mar 7, 2023 · What Small Fish Eats Duckweed? Small fish like bettas, mollies, and corydoras eat duckweed. com. Grown under ideal conditions, duckweed ranges between 25% and 45% protein and doubles its growth every 36 hours, and OUR TILAPIA love to eat it along with their fish chow. This includes goldfish, tilapia, and the common pleco. This plant is quite high in protein. A brine-management economic model which includes most system components of the brine produced from inland desalination plants Also of interest, the amino acid profile (the variety of amino acids contained in the plant) for Duckweed shows that it contains all essential amino acids for the fish (or humans). Amazon. Making your own fish food using Duckweed! 7. Duckweed as a Food Source for Ducks and Fish Ducks aren’t the only creatures that enjoy duckweed. Duckweed is a fresh free food source, and doesn't stand a chance. Most duckweed species, especially from Wollfiella have not been tested as a fish feed but should be explored whereas most studies focused on freshwater fishes rather than Nov 29, 2022 · Duckweed is a staple food for many aquarium fish. I did actually try this with my fish. This provides a sustainable way to manage duckweed while supporting local wildlife. But it depends on the fish. The first method we will be using is air/sun drying Duckweed and basically creating “Duckweed fish flakes”. 4 out of 5 stars. In this work, we report the composition of 21 ecotypes of fourteen species of duckweeds belonging to the two subfamilies of the group Sep 5, 2022 · A novel solution is presented that is based on reuse of the brine for fish growth and use of the waste created in the fish ponds to culture duckweed plants as feed for the fish; the remaining saline water will be used to cultivate nutritious halophytes plants. It also provides shelter for small fish and invertebrates. (Blue)¡ 4. Reasons Why Humans Can Eat Or Can’t Eat Nov 22, 2024 · Duckweed also provides cover for small fish and insects and is an important food source for larger fish. Each package (Starter 100, Starter 200, Starter 300) contains a different pellet size, and each package is available in 1-pound, 5-pound and or 10-pound sizes. Like other aquatic plants, duckweed contributes to oxygenating the water through photosynthesis, which is essential for the health of fish and other Aug 4, 2024 · The Benefits Of Duckweed: Improving Water Quality And Serving As Fish Food One notable benefit of duckweed is its ability to effectively absorb nitrates and other chemicals from water. See options. Some participants doubted whether consumers would recognize duckweed as the plant that grows in ponds when presented in a supermarket-context. As its name indicates, duckweed is a primary food source for waterfowl such as ducks and geese, but also for various fish species. In the wild, they’ll eat algae, organic matter, other aquatic plants, and any duckweed they can find. Nov 22, 2024 · Founded in 2018 by Tony Martens Fekini and Maurits van de Ven, Plantible Foods is on a mission to revolutionise the global food supply chain. It is great to use in aquarium to help prevent algae, provide shade for inhabitants, increase surface area and to reduce nitrates. Duckweed is eaten by a number of fish families. Mar 7, 2023 · What Small Fish Eats Duckweed? Small fish like bettas, mollies, and corydoras eat duckweed. Can other fish dine on duckweed too? Yep, especially herbivores. In conclusion, guppies can eat duckweed, and it can be a beneficial addition to their diet. Great food for Tadpoles its high in protein. Allow 5 days for shipping. Duckweed species have been used as livestock feed for hundreds of years and have been shown to be nutritious [15, 28, 31]. In turn, the duckweed removes unwanted nutrients and waste products from the system, converting the nutrients into plant biomass. Duckweed Grown in Hawaii Fish Food Koi Chickens 500 + Live Plants Aquarium Aquatic Freshwater, Green. Duckweed can also serve as a natural source of food for betta fish. Brand: Generic. The amino acid distribution is close to the WHO recommendations having 4. Duckweed will tolerate low to high light and soft or hard water. Growing duckweed isn't hard. No featured offers Jul 13, 2016 · Buy fish food locally on Craigslist: https://newyork. ) is a small floating aquatic plant that has an important economic impact in several industrial areas. Fill a large bucket or basin with 12 US gal (45 L) of water, then mix in around 1 tsp (4. Aug 30, 2012 · So I just got some duckweed from the wonderful Aokashi, and my boys are trying to eat it! Luckily, they spit it out right away. In the next section, we’ll take a closer look at why duckweed can be a problem and how to control it. There is one reference that says it has been used as food. Not all fish will eat duckweed, but many fish, including goldfish, koi May 27, 2024 · Looking for an easy, budget-friendly way to turn duckweed into fish food? In this video, "How to Turn Duckweed into Fish Food (The Simple Way)," I’ll walk yo Watch duckweed powder being consumed by small tropical fish in typical aquarium setting. Often found floating in still or slowly-moving freshwater systems, duckweed is a group of notably small aquatic perennials. 4 days ago · I would start by cutting back on food for the plants and the fish if that is doable for you. Fish, particularly koi and tilapia, also consume duckweed as part of their diet. Dried duckweed can be refrigerated up to 2 years. 9 2 Pcs Fish Feeding Ring, Fish Safe Floating Food Feeder Circle Blue, with Suction Cup Easy to Install Aquarium, Square and Round Shape Fish Tank Towels - for Guppy, Betta, Goldfish, Etc. Aug 24, 2013 · Duckweed can be viewed almost like the “grass” of the tank and, as goldfish are keen grazing fish, they will usually eat their fair share of the plant. ekemnmvclstwcxsnsdclogkhvsfmkxbtbbbkdroeftf